Additional resources and supporting evidence

Publication references

• Chow AY, Dickerson CR. Shoulder strength of females while sitting and standing as a function of hand location and force direction. Applied Ergonomics. 2009;40(3):303–308.
• Clasen T, Naranjo J, Frauchiger D, et al. Laboratory assessment of a gravity-fed ultrafiltration water treatment device designed for use in low-income settings. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009;80(5):819–823.
• Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, et al. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2001;79(4):280–287.
• Frais S, Ng Y-L, Gulabivala K, et al. Some factors affecting the concentration of available chlorine in commercial sources of sodium hypochlorite. International Endodontic Journal. 2001;34(3):206–215.
• Gipson K. Instability and Tip Over of Appliances, Furniture and Televisions: Estimated Injuries and Reported Fatalities. Bethesda, MD: US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Directorate for Epidemiology, Division of Hazard Analysis; 2008. Available at: http://www.cpsc.gov/library/foia/foia08/os/tipover.pdf.
• Rainwater Harvesting Technical Brief. WaterAid, unpublished data, 2010.
• Lantagne D. Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment. Journal of American Water Works Association. 2008;100(8).
• Davis J, Lambert R. Engineering in Emergencies: A Practical Guide for Relief Workers. Warwickshire, UK: RedR/ITDG Publishing; 2002. 2nd Ed.
• Laurent P. Household Drinking Water Systems and their Impact on People with Weakened Immunity. MSF-Holland Public Health Department; 2005.
• Indian Standard for Drinking Water per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 10500:1991).
• The Sphere Project. The Sphere Project: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Relief. Oxford, UK: Oxfam Publishing; 2004. Available at: http://www.sphereproject.org/content/view/27/84/lang,english/.
• Published health impact studies by various academic professionals (e.g. Mark Sobsey, Joe Brown, Christine Stauber, Robert Quick, Tom Clasen, Danielle Lantagne, T.M. Joyce).
• Rufener S, Mausezahl D, Mosler H-J, et al. Quality of drinking-water at source and point of consumption—drinking cup as a high potential recontamination risk: a field study in Bolivia. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition. 2010;(1):34–41.
• Whelton AJ, Dietrich AM, Burlingame GA, et al. Minerals in drinking water: impacts on taste and importance to consumer health. Water Science & Technology. 2007;55(5):283–291.
• Committee on Military Nutrition Research Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine US, Marriott B ed. Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1993.
• Zellner DA, Stewart WF, Rozin P, et al. Effect of temperature and expectations on liking for beverages. Physiology & Behavior. 1998;44(1):61–68.

Standards and guidelines

• ISO/US/NSF standards for food-grade materials.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 42-2007: Drinking water treatment units—aesthetic effects.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 53-2007: Drinking water treatment units—health effects.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 44-2007: Residential cation exchange water softeners.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 55-2007: Ultraviolet microbiological water treatment systems.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 58-2007: Reverse osmosis drinking water treatment systems.
• NSF/ANSI Standard 62-2004: Drinking water distillation systems.
• Water Quality Criteria Copper Aquatic Life Criteria page. United States Environmental Protection Agency website. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/copper/faq/background.html. Accessed April 1, 2011.

• National secondary drinking water regulations page. United States Environmental Protection Agency website. Available at: http://water.epa.gov/drink/index.cfm. Accessed April 4, 2011.

• Drinking Water Contaminants Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) page. United States Environmental Protection Agency website. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html. Accessed April 1, 2011.
• World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Incorporating 1st and 2nd addenda, Vol.1, Recommendations, 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/fulltext.pdf.
• ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG).
• ADA Standards for Accessible Design.

PATH references

• PATH. Extended User Testing of Household Water Treatment and Storage Products in Andhra Pradesh, India: Final Study Report. Seattle, WA: PATH: 2010. Available at: http://www.path.org/publications/detail.php?i=1841.
• Safe Water Project qualitative household research: household dimensions, furnishings and family size.
• Reference Design Engineering Design Brief. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• PATH HWTS Reference Design Brief and Technical Specifications. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• Reference Design Beta Test Results. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• PATH Reference Design Product Test Protocols. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• Reference Design Engineering Brief. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• PATH HWTS Tradeoff Matrix, HaloSource, unpublished data, 2009.
• PATH. Formative Household Research Point-of-Use Household Water Treatment and Storage Products for Low- and Middle-Income Populations in Andhra Pradesh: Revised Final Report. Seattle, WA: PATH: 2009. Available at: http://www.path.org/publications/detail.php?i=1717.
• Reference Design Beta Prototype User Reviews. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• Regional User Experience Research. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• User Research: Willingness to Pay Studies. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.
• Reference Design Beta Prototype User Evaluation. PATH, unpublished data, 2010.

Organizations

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• Water Quality Association (WQA).
• National Sanitation Foundation (NSF).
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
• World Health Organization (WHO).
• International Water Association (IWA).
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
• Codex Alimentarius Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Other

• Paints, colorants, inks, and glazes used for products have MSDS (material safety data sheets) indicating they are free from lead, cobalt, or other toxins.
• Relevant national product quality standards.
• Safe water system (SWS) publications—FAQ sheet page. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/pubs_faq.htm#disinfectant. Accessed April 1, 2011.
• US FDA Title 21 CFR Parts 174–177.
• Average warranty periods for equivalent household appliances (such as cookers, mixers, fans).
• Average service life of equivalent household appliances.
• Indian Standard for Drinking Water per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 10500–1991).
• National standards organizations (e.g., Indian Standard for Drinking Water per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 10500:1991).
• National regulatory bodies (e.g., India's Food Safety and Standards Authority).
• Case studies on the misuse of the "ISI mark" (Indian Standards Institute) in India for packaged water.
• Local regulatory standards.