Recontamination risks
- Product design minimizes the risk of recontamination due to:
- Hand contact with treated water or disinfected surfaces.
- Contact between device components and contaminated surfaces.
- Regular cleaning or maintenance.
- External contaminants (insects, dust, dirt, etc. entering upper container).
- Untreated water entering safe storage container.
Key indicators
- Product design discourages users from dipping drinking vessels into untreated water container.
- When maintaining or changing filter elements, untreated water is prevented from contaminating the safe water chamber.
- If hand contact with the “clean” side of filter elements is inevitable (for maintenance or cleaning), residual disinfection may be necessary.
Supporting evidence
- Safe water system (SWS) publications—FAQ sheet page. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/pubs_faq.htm#disinfectant. Accessed April 4, 2011.
- Full list of supporting evidence and additional materials.


Without a cover, insects and unwashed hands can recontaminate treated water. Photos: PATH.